Port Authority Helping Essays

Port Authority Helping Essays Port Authority Helping Essay Port Authority Helping Essay As you can see our port has a deep rooted history in our community and in our economy. Also, our port has some special features; for instance we have deep water docks allowing us to have large freighters come into our port. Additionally, our port is a destination port in that most of the goods that come in through the port are going somewhere within fifty miles of the dock. Lastly, our Cleveland Bulk Terminal (CBT)2 is amazing in that it has 1850 linear feet of dock with a loop track for ship to rail distribution. A couple of years ago the company removed the giant and obsolete huletts that used to unload the ships into trains, relying now on self-unloading equipment on ships. Trucks are not used because there is no haul road. This summer Oglebay Norton is hoping to bring the automatic loading equipment from the Lorain Pellet Terminal to enable easier re-loading of ships for International Steel Group. Through all of the current turmoil about the port it has been trying to exonerate its self and improve its image. The dispute has brought up two alternatives for the port; one is to leave the port as it is and make Whisky Island into a park; the second is to put the section of the port on the east bank of the river on Whisky Island and make the east bank area a park. Both are controversial as there are the Friends of Whisky Island who want the Island to become a park; while the port wants to just exist downtown. Some people believe that the port should go away all together. They dont realize that the ships bring goods from overseas, and those goods come into the citys factories, which either package them or make other products from them. Then, the factories ship the products out to be sold, thus, promoting trade and economic growth in the city of Cleveland and the whole country. As I mentioned before, the port is just striving to exist in downtown Cleveland. This is because of the deep water docks I also mentioned earlier the deep water docks are unique on the great lakes and very important to our economy. If the port were to be moved very far from its current locale there could be great expense taken to dredge a new location in an attempt to recreate deep water docks. In the current debate NOACA is the main intermediary; NOACA has set up a team of four city planners, one of which is from the city planning commission and three outside counsels, who have been holding meetings in different neighborhoods that might be affected and are taking in ideas. Many people like the idea to move the port to the west bank and free up land on the east, although it is unlikely. Thus, I can safely conclude, that the port is one of the biggest players in what will happen to our lakefront. It can either move or stay put. Although, it just wants to continue to exist and are continuously embellishing their own cause to make people think they are important. They are really important to recreation and our economy because they own the land and promote trade and economic growth. The port is a necessity and here to stay.

The Role of Chief Justice of the United States

The Role of Chief Justice of the United States Often incorrectly called the chief justice of the Supreme Court, the chief justice of the United States is the nation’s highest-ranking judicial official, and speaking for the judicial branch of the federal government, and serving as the chief administrative officer for the federal courts. In this capacity, the chief justice heads the Judicial Conference of the United States, the chief administrative body of the U.S. federal courts,  and appoints the director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts. A Chief Justices Main Duties As primary duties, the chief justice presides over oral arguments before the Supreme Court and sets the agenda for the courts meetings. Of course, the chief justice presides over the Supreme Court, which includes eight other members called associate justices. The chief justices vote carries the same weight as those of the associate justices, though the role does require duties that the associate justices dont perform. As such, the chief justice is traditionally paid more than the associate justices. The 2018 annual salary of the chief justice set by Congress, is $267,000, slightly higher than the $255,300 salary of the associate justices. When voting with the majority in a case decided by the Supreme Court, the chief justice may choose to write the Courts opinion  or to assign the task to one of the associate justices. History of the Chief Justice Role The office of chief justice is not explicitly established in the U.S. Constitution. While Article I, Section 3, Clause 6 of the Constitution refers to a chief justice as presiding over Senate trials of presidential impeachment.  Article III, Section 1 of the Constitution, which establishes the Supreme Court itself, refers to all members of the Court simply as â€Å"judges.† The distinct titles of Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States and Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States were created by the Judiciary Act of 1789. In 1866, Associate Justice Salmon P. Chase, who had been by to the Court by President Abraham Lincoln in 1864, convinced Congress to change the official title Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States to the current Chief Justice of the United States. Chase reasoned that the new title better acknowledged the position’s duties within the judicial branch not directly related to the Supreme Court’s deliberations. In 1888, Chief Justice of the United States Melville Fuller became the first person to actually hold the modern title. Since 1789, 15 different presidents have made a total of 22 official nominations to either the original or the modern chief justice position. Since the Constitution mandates only that there must be a chief justice, the practice of appointment by the president with the consent of the Senate has been based solely on tradition. The Constitution does not specifically prohibit the use of other methods, as long as the chief justice is selected from among the other sitting justices. Like all federal judges, the chief justice is nominated by the president of the United States and must be confirmed by the Senate. The term-in-office of the chief justice is set by Article III, Section 1 of the Constitution, which states that all federal judges shall hold their offices during good behavior, meaning that chief justices serve for life, unless they die, resign, or are removed from office through the impeachment process. Presiding Over Impeachments and Inaugurations The chief justice sits as the judge in  impeachments  of the president of the United States,  including when the vice  president of the United States  is the acting president. Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase presided over the Senate trial of President  Andrew Johnson  in 1868, and Chief Justice  William H. Rehnquist  presided over the trial of President William Clinton in 1999. While its thought the chief justice must swear in ​presidents at inaugurations, this is a purely traditional role. According to law, any federal or state judge is empowered to administer oaths of office, and even a notary public can perform the duty, as was the case when Calvin Coolidge was sworn in as president in 1923. Procedure and Reporting and Inaugurations In day-to-day proceedings, the chief justice enters the courtroom first and casts the first vote when the justices deliberate, and also presides over closed-door conferences of the court in which votes are cast on pending appeals and cases heard in oral argument. Outside the courtroom, the chief justice writes an annual report to Congress about the state of the federal court system and appoints other federal judges to serve on various administrative and judicial panels. The chief justice also serves as chancellor of the Smithsonian Institution  and sits on the boards of the National Gallery of Art and the Hirshhorn Museum.

A Tempest Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

A Tempest - Essay Example Caliban represents negritude. Decolonization is at the heart of A Tempest. Caliban struggles for freedom while Ariel collaborates for his freedom. The world of man usually thinks in hierarchical terms. This leads to constant power struggles and revolution when the time is ripe. The black devil-god, Eshu comes along to shake up the hierarchal structure set forth by the colonizer and to promote Caliban's revolution. A Tempest also reflects Cesaire's disillusionment with Communism and his desire for a colonial uprising. Cesaire uses the characters in A Tempest to represent the major ideals dominating the imperial world of the twentieth century. Prospero is the character that represents imperialism. Although Prospero did not voluntarily leave his native country for the purpose of colonizing another land, he fits the criteria of colonizer. Prospero believes that if it were not for him Ariel would still be held captive in a tree and Caliban would be nothing more than a beast. Prospero, the Empire, is: powerful, knowledgeable, strong, and magical. In Act I scene 2 of A Tempest, Ariel expresses regret at the fact that Prospero came and conquered. Ariel wishes that he could have stayed captive in the tree because after all he might have become a real tree in the end. Colonized people surely must have wondered to what heights they would have grown to on their own without the empire crushing down on them. Throughout A Tempest Prospero and Caliban are locked in a constant struggle. Prospero is angry that Ca liban will not accept his position of supposed superiority over him. It's obvious that Prospero has knowledge of magic since he captures, the sprite, Ariel, but one has to wonder if ninety percent of the magic Prospero has over Caliban is actually scientific knowledge that Prospero greedily holds on to and uses to keep Caliban in place. Prospero wants Caliban to believe that he has rescued Caliban from savagery. In a fine example of negritude Caliban proclaims who is mother is; where he came from, and the fact that he would be king of the island if it were not for Prospero. In the book titled Postwar: A History of Europe since 1945, author Tony Judt quotes Charles De Gaulle as saying, " 'In French Africa [] there can be no true progress unless men are able to benefit from it morally and materially on their native soil, unless they can raise themselves little by little to a level where they can partake in the management of their own affairs' " (283). The most remarkable person that Prospero has conquered is Ariel, because Ariel is hardly a person, Ariel is a sprite. Ariel represents the hope that colonized people felt. The hope that one day their freedom would be granted if they performed loyally to the empire and the hope that one day the empire would see them as their equals. The only way that an empire will let go of its hold over a people is to acknowledge the empire's wrong-doing in the first place. Through Ariel's non-violent struggle he believes that he can actually help Prospero gain a conscious. There is a struggle between Ariel and Prospero throughout the text, but it is much more subtle that Caliban's struggle against Prospero. Ariel and Caliban have an understanding that Prospero is the corrupt one. In Robin Kelley's introduction of A Tempest, Kelley paraphrases Cesaire's literary work titled Discourse on Colonialism, "The instruments of colonial power rely on barbaric, brutal

Discussion Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 37

Discussion Questions - Essay Example seven general principles applied by Steve Jobs which resembles the innovation and creativity are do things which people love, aspire which can help to change the world, reset brain, sell dreams to people, neglect unnecessary, create insanely and finally mastering the way of delivering message to the customers. Thomas Edison is another creative thinker. Thomas Edison is regarded as the most famous inventor and creative. Ideas of Thomas Edison on application of creativity and innovation are to focus on creative mind power and work on the ideas which have been previously worked by others. Something that occurs within the organization is referred to as internal driver of innovation. The forces outside the organization motivate and enables Company to trigger the mode of innovation for betterment is knows as external forces of innovation (Luke, 2013). External factors are changing economy, market, social changes, government policy, new trend, introduction of new technology. Internal driver of innovation is cost reduction, new product, changes in structure of organization, advance level of technology and innovation camps for brainstorming. The application of innovation is done by companies by reinventing the core business process. Effective organizational structure, ethical cultural background and processes that are designed in an organization can lead to innovation. These divers are applied in an organization by maintaining effective workplace and installing collaboration and partnering in business organization. There is no specific instance for production of positive result. The implementation of innovation in organization can produce result by the help of trial and error experiment. The active implementation of vision and strategy can help to produce positive result. The introduction of new services, products and technologies in an organization to gain competitive advantage over other competitors

Media Violence Not Good for Children Essay Example for Free

Media Violence Not Good for Children Essay The effects of media violence on children have been studied for over thirty years, with researchers repeatedly finding correlations between aggressive/violent behavior and the viewing of media violence. These education and psychology researchers began asserting years ago that a cause-and-effect relationship existed, i.e., viewing media violence was one of the causative factors in aggressive behavior in children. We often use the phrase that children are impressionable. We mean that children do not see the world through the same filter of experience that adults do. Children see things more literally. They do not yet possess the sophisticated sensibilities to distinguish fiction from reality. It matters a great deal, therefore, how much TV children watch and what they view. Young children often mimic what they see. Parents and caretakers observe this regularly. If children see people punching and kicking, they may act out that same behavior. Older children develop, through years of watching, sub-conscious mental plans of how they will react in conflict situations. For years they have seen conflicts resolved by violence, and they sub-consciously develop the same reaction plan. When confronted with a conflict, the tendency is to react the way they have seen countless others react—in a combative, aggressive or violent manner. Researchers call this developing a cognitive script. Through television, video games, and movies, children and teens view countless acts of violence, brutality, and terror as part of entertainment. They become conditioned to associating violence with entertainment. This is the classical conditioning. First-person shooter video games develop our children’s skills in operating weapons. The games reward marksmanship, and further reinforce the association of killing with entertainment. In the past, the heroes of movie and television shows were usually people who strictly followed the law. Now, heroes are often people who take the law into their own hands, who see an injustice or evil and seek to rectify it personally, sometimes brutally, regardless of the consequences. Such portrayals signal to a child society’s approval of that behavior. Lacking the judgment that comes with age, a child who feels he has been dealt with unfairly may copy that behavior, with disastrous consequences

Can there be a grand unified theory of Psychology? Discuss. :: essays research papers

Can there be a Grand Unified Theory of Personality? Bradley Templeton Scobie No single theory of personality can adequately explain the full function of human behaviour. Psychodynamic approaches often come under a lot of criticism as they fail to be explicit about the underlying bases of the theory. Cognitive theories are not very comfortable with explaining emotions and behavioural theories have difficulty explaining the mechanisms of improvements. It has become quite clear in the field of Psychology, and to some Psychologists like Windy Dryden (Individual Therapy) explicitly clear that there is a missing linkand that somewhere amongst the mass of theories on personality, the answer is staring them in the face. These Psychologists often practice a form of Psychology called Eclectism, which takes a little out of each theory and unites it during therapy with a client. You can’t use this sort of therapy as a theory however because all the Eclectic Psychologist is doing is ignoring the fundamental ideological underpinnings of the particular theories he is using and taking the parts relevant to their client in therapy This essay will explore one of the possible combinations of theories on personality and explain how it can be applied in practical therapy. Eysenkes theory of biological bases in behaviour is the base of this essays approach. It provides the rules within which the other two personality theories (Kellys Personal Construct Theory and Maslows Hierarchy of Human needs) can function. Using Eysenkes theory on extravert and introvert behaviour it is possible to determine from birth, very general traits about which a person is willing to work within (aggression, anxiety tolerance and sociability etc) which is where this essay believes Kelly slightly misunderstands this concept and defines it as his Range Corrollary. Really the person is experiencing a fundamental shift from Extravert behaviour or thinking to Introvert or vice versa which causes slight unease and can account for things like shyness etc. One of the major criticisms of Kellys Personal Construct Theory is that he finds it hard to explain why constructs are laid down in the first place and why one would rigourously defend the threat to a core construct. What kick starts the Construct system into defending itself when motivation is clearly and explicitly lacking in his theory? Eyesenkes theory provides an amicable solution. If we could assume that this information was genetically coded in to the cells at birth then this no longer becomes an issue and we can explain how’s and why the constructs are laid down to a loose genetic template i.

Ethical behavior is legally governed rather volunteered by organizations

Corporate Organizations, in today’s cut- throat competition and globalized economy are forced to focus to improve their bottom line. Corporate governance or ethical practices are limited to a level which is mandatory as per laws. Genuine commitment to ethics is like a needle in haystack. There are various elements to ethical behavior expected from the organizations Accounting transparency: Enron and Worldcom are glaring examples where ethics were compromised to maintain profitable image of the organization.Accounting firm Arthur Anderson’s creative accounting and ulterior motives of management crippled investor’s confidence to the nadir, resulting in bankruptcy/ closure of all three organizations. Leading by example: As per data, US CEOs were paid 42 times the average worker's pay in 1980, to 85 in 1990, and then skyrocketed to 531 times by 2000. Leadership teams of organizations are paid everything to show healthy growth in turnover and profits, for shareholder to be exited at stock markets.No CEO is paid to exemplify ethical leadership at Wall Street. Child labor: Many corporate, primarily in apparel segment, overlook the extreme levels of child exploitation in third world countries. In absence of strict law or policy, child labor is another big area which is not effectively monitored and contained. Summary: Though state (U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission) try to put accounting and auditing system, Corporate Ethics remain an Oxymoron.Ethics, like democracy, is a lot easier in theory than in practice. It would be imperative on regulatory bodies and responsible corporations to take lead in showing value in becoming ethical organization. Moreover, shareholders also should reward organization which exhibit transparency and good quality corporate governance. References: Munzig P G, â€Å"Enron and Economics of Corporate Governance† Stanford University, (June 2003), (http://www-econ. stanford.edu/academics/honors_theses/theses_200 3/Munzig. pdf) Holmstrom, Bengt and Steven N. Kaplan, â€Å"The State of US Corporate Governance: What’s right and What’s wrong? † National Bureau of Economic Research: Working paper 9613, (2003) Jense, Michael and Kevin Murphy, 1990, â€Å"Performance Pay and Top Management Incentives†, Journal of Political Economy, (1990) September/October 1996 edition of At Work [email  protected] com, byBerrett-Koehler Publishers. Jon Entine is a writer and Emmy

Descriptive Essay on Soccer Ball

Most would take for granted how a soccer ball looks. They would put it as an pointless detail to the sport. To those people, they see this wonderful object as just a b all. Nothing more and nothing less. Others, however, know better. At first look you may n twice the specific black and white color coordination belonging only to the soccer ball. A closer look will reveal twenty white, hexagonal and twelve black, pentagonal surface s that make up the covering of the ball.When rotating the ball you may notice name Ross cuts along to the surface of the ball, the dust, crosshatched lining peeking out fro m under. Spots of mud all over the surface of the soccer ball. If the ball is so close to your face you can smell the scent of dirt and grass mix De with the light smell of rain that perfumes the ball in your grasp. When you breathe deep you can almost taste the dirt and grass on your tongue, a bittersweet flavor that SST says In your mouth, the taste of the rain adding to the already fun ky odor and flavor I n your mouth.The feeling of the ball is something entirely unto itself. If you pick up a soccer ball and hold it in your hands, you can feel the smoothness of the covering and how or undo in shape it is. As your hand curves around the ball, you feel the graininess of the rediscovered surface between your hand and the surface. As your hands contain u to move your hand around the ball's surface, you are able to tell the difference when your fingers fall into the smooth cracks of the stitching, same as to the delicately or ugh cuts and scrapes on the surface of the ball, made from the bounce against a solid wall.A perfect ball, if squeezed, it will be squeezed a little because of the pressure of your fingers on the ball. If kicked properly, the fierce kick of your foot hitting the baa II does not hurt at all. In fact you will feel strong after a good kick. Rolling the ball under y our foot, oh get a feel for its shape, how it moves, and how it's resistance to your body The feeling of a ball hitting your body can sometimes be a bad encounter. If ski eked with enough force, the impact of flesh and soccer ball can be really painful.Though h a the ball may not feel hard when held, when it is flying at a rapid pace and comes to an sudden stop when it meets your stomach, chest, leg, forehead, and even face, it can f eel as hard and solid as a rock. The sound of a soccer ball is really something special. You can tell by the soon d the ball makes how good your kick was. Essentially, the sound aimed for is a loud, Dee , popping sound. This shows you have kicked the ball in the right area.

Free Essays on New At School

Arriving at Canisius College in late August was a mind blowing experience. The unfamiliar situation which I was in was so familiar to me when I arrived. It’s the feeling I got when I started my first day of pre-school. Every face belonged to a stranger and every voice seemed foreign to my ears. All I could tell myself was that I knew that things would get better, just give it time. My situation has changed for the most part; the familiar feeling has started to fade. The experiences I’ve gone through have changed my attitude about my current situation. I remember waking that day; my first day of college, knowing my life would never be the same. I lay in bed thinking about every bad thing that could happen to me. The crimes, the drugs, and the busy streets kept rushing through my head. After procrastinating as long as I could, I got out of bed, gathered my belongings and placed them in my car. I then proceeded to do something I had been dreading all summer. I went back in the house to say goodbye to my family. The first one I said goodbye to was my dog. She’s a big fat dog with a wrinkled face that spends most of her time lying around the house and eating. The look on her face was so casual. Realistically I knew she didn’t know what was happening, but I told myself that she didn’t want me to go. My brothers and sisters were moderately disappointed. I could see that they would miss me at first, but tomorrow would be as normal as a day as any other. My Mom, on the other hand, couldn’t stop the tears from coming. She hugged me and told me how much she would miss me. I tried to leave before she could see how close I was to breaking down as well. I jumped in my car, turned the ignition and backed out the drive way. I tried so hard not to look back but my mind became flooded with friends, good times I was leaving behind, and not making the grade. Both of my parents are college graduates and spend a lot ... Free Essays on New At School Free Essays on New At School Arriving at Canisius College in late August was a mind blowing experience. The unfamiliar situation which I was in was so familiar to me when I arrived. It’s the feeling I got when I started my first day of pre-school. Every face belonged to a stranger and every voice seemed foreign to my ears. All I could tell myself was that I knew that things would get better, just give it time. My situation has changed for the most part; the familiar feeling has started to fade. The experiences I’ve gone through have changed my attitude about my current situation. I remember waking that day; my first day of college, knowing my life would never be the same. I lay in bed thinking about every bad thing that could happen to me. The crimes, the drugs, and the busy streets kept rushing through my head. After procrastinating as long as I could, I got out of bed, gathered my belongings and placed them in my car. I then proceeded to do something I had been dreading all summer. I went back in the house to say goodbye to my family. The first one I said goodbye to was my dog. She’s a big fat dog with a wrinkled face that spends most of her time lying around the house and eating. The look on her face was so casual. Realistically I knew she didn’t know what was happening, but I told myself that she didn’t want me to go. My brothers and sisters were moderately disappointed. I could see that they would miss me at first, but tomorrow would be as normal as a day as any other. My Mom, on the other hand, couldn’t stop the tears from coming. She hugged me and told me how much she would miss me. I tried to leave before she could see how close I was to breaking down as well. I jumped in my car, turned the ignition and backed out the drive way. I tried so hard not to look back but my mind became flooded with friends, good times I was leaving behind, and not making the grade. Both of my parents are college graduates and spend a lot ...

3 Types of Parenthetical Problems

3 Types of Parenthetical Problems 3 Types of Parenthetical Problems 3 Types of Parenthetical Problems By Mark Nichol 1. The survey found increasing demand for customer experiences that are difficult, if not impossible to deliver with legacy systems. Writers sometimes carelessly neglect to close a syntactical door after opening it. In this case, â€Å"if not impossible† is a parenthetical interjected into the main clause, so a comma must follow as well as precede it: â€Å"The survey found increasing demand for customer experiences that are difficult, if not impossible, to deliver with legacy systems.† 2. Similar to the Internet in the 1990s that transformed business models to adopt e-commerce and new ways of working, cryptocurrencies and blockchain have the potential to disrupt in ways not even imagined. There is only one Internet, but this sentence implies that more than one exists, and that the one in question transformed business models in the manner described, but the reference to transformation is parenthetical, and nonessential to the main clause, so it should be set off with a comma as a parenthetical by preceding which, which replaces that to signal the nonrestrictive nature of the parenthetical: â€Å"Similar to the Internet in the 1990s, which transformed business models to adopt e-commerce and new ways of working, cryptocurrencies and blockchain have the potential to disrupt in ways not even imagined.† (The comma that separates the subordinate clause, â€Å"Similar . . . working,† from the main clause, â€Å"cryptocurrencies . . . imagined,† doubles as the parenthesis-closing punctuation mark.) 3. Three board members, John Doe, former CEO of World Wide Wickets; Jane Smith, CEO of Global Tetrahedron; and James Jones, executive director of the Church of the SubGenius; voted against the measure. The series of names and job titles is parenthetical to the main clause, â€Å"Three board members voted against the measure.† However, the punctuation marks that open and close the parenthetical do not match, and all the semicolons are problematic because they syntactically cut off â€Å"voted against the measure† from the rest of the sentence. The simple solution is to replace the overkill semicolons with commas because the sentence structure precludes confusion about the corresponding names and titles: â€Å"Three board members, John Doe, former CEO of World Wide Wickets, Jane Smith, CEO of Global Tetrahedron, and James Jones, executive director of the Church of the SubGenius, voted against the measure.† Alternatively, if the writer insists on using semicolons, splice the two parts of the main clause into one uninterrupted statement as a setup to a list that follows a colon: â€Å"Three board members voted against the measure: John Doe, former CEO of World Wide Wickets; Jane Smith, CEO of Global Tetrahedron; and James Jones, executive director of the Church of the SubGenius.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Compared "to" or Compared "with"?The Parts of a WordTypes of Ignorance

Watergate discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Watergate discussion - Essay Example That is why such incidents occur because the government officials themselves are involved in such a criminal act. Due to this the later presidents such as Clinton and Obama and all the other politicians are being thoroughly investigated in order to avoid any such incidents. There are some people who don’t even bother to vote. This is so because they have seen that most of the presidents just speak and do nothing in favor of the people’s interest. But this doesn’t mean that all the government officials are like this. If I was a voter at that I wouldn’t have voted for a person like him not because I am a non voter but because its really hard to trust a person who committed a serious crime and afterward tried to hide his wrong doing by blaming the other parties. Nixon just to make his political enemy the Democratic Party weak committed such a crime. The opinions of the majority of people would have been similar because no one knows that such incidents will ta ke place or not in the near future so they find it better not to vote for any of the candidates. The impact of the Watergate scandal on the later politicians made them realize the power of the media. They also understood that no matter how much power a Presidents possesses no one is above the constitutional law of equality and in the end Nixon got the result of his criminal act. The politicians then were of the view that it’s better to be clear and truthful to the public regarding all the matters. Now the politicians had a clear-cut view that no person is above the law not even the president himself. During this scandal many lawyers were involved in it so the American Bar Association decided that the lawyers should take a course in professional responsibility which is still exists till date. More over it led to the first amendment of protection of freedom of the