A People’s History of the United States

Since the arrival of the Virginians to the New World, they were desperate for labor. The Virginians were unable to grow enough food to stay alive. During the winter, they were reduced to roaming the woods for nuts and berries and digging up graves to eat the corpses until five hundred colonists were reduced to sixty. They couldn’t force the Indians to work for them because they were outnumbered and despite their superior firearms, they knew the Indians could massacre them. The Indians also had amazing spirit and resistance. They would prefer to die than be controlled by others. Indentured servants wouldn’t suffice because they had not been brought over in sufficient quantity. Also, indentured servants only had to work for a few years to repay their debt. Indentured servants eventually assimilated into society, increasing the need for laborers. Black slaves were the answer, as a million blacks had already been brought from Africa to the Portuguese and Spanish colonies. The first Africans that arrived in Virginia were considered as servants, but were treated and viewed differently from white servants. Even before the slave trade begun, the color black was distasteful. The Africans were viewed as inferior and that was the beginning of racism. It was easy for the English enslave the Africans. They were helpless; the English tore them from their land and culture and they were no match for the English’s guns and ships. Africans were captured and sent to the coast where they were kept in cages until they were picked and sold. Then they were packed aboard the slave ships in spaces that were no bigger than coffins. The combination of desperation from the Jamestown settlers, difficulty of using whites and Indians as servants, the availability of Africans and their helplessness made them the ideal candidates for enslavement. They were the solution to the settler’s problems. Tabaco, cotton, and sugar plantations made the colonies extremely wealthy; however, there simply were not enough whites to meet the need of the plantations. So as the plantation system grew, slavery grew. The slaves were taught to be insubordinate. They endured hard labor, separation from their families, and the power of law, allowing them to be punished physically. And thus the beginning of slavery and the drawing of the racial line. A People’s History of the United States Howard Zinn’s â€Å"A People’s History of the United States† appears to be unique as it presents historical events from the perspectives of the poor, minorities and dispossessed.The expeditions of Christopher Columbus to North America, as Zinn had presented, resulted in the appalling genocide and exploitation of Carribean’s indigenous peoples (only few Americans have learned such in school and most historians tend to overlook) (Zinn, Howard; 1980).Zinn viewed and presented Columbus as the oppressor. From the beginning of the expedition, Columbus had intended to extract wealth from the natives. He demonstrated Columbus’ malevolent motives as he quoted the latter’s words upon encountering with the Indians: â€Å"They brought us parrots and balls of cotton in exchange for the glass beads and hawk’s bells†¦They would make fine servants†¦With fifty men we could subjugate them all and make them do whatever we want† (Zinn, Ho ward; 1980). Indeed, this is evidence that from the beginning, Columbus had been eager to assess the exploitability of the native inhabitants.Furthermore, Zinn also described the nobility and innocence of the natives and had proved that Indian culture treated its women well using the following quotation from a Spanish priest who was with Columbus: â€Å"Marriage laws are non-existent; men and women alike choose their mates†¦Indian men and women look upon total nakedness with as much casualness† (Zinn, Howard; 1980).Personally, Zinn’s presentation of historical events with respect to Columbus’ religious motivations varied from other historians. In the case of other historians (like Marshall) for instance, they took Columbus’ desire to evangelize the natives with seriousness as if they are willing to take these statements at face value; while Zinn, dismisses them by saying â€Å"He was full of religious talk† (stated on page 3).Work CitedZinn, H oward (1980); â€Å"A People’s History of the United States: Columbus, the Indians and Human Progress†; edited by Harper Collins (2003): Book A People’s History of the United States Since the arrival of the Virginians to the New World, they were desperate for labor. The Virginians were unable to grow enough food to stay alive. During the winter, they were reduced to roaming the woods for nuts and berries and digging up graves to eat the corpses until five hundred colonists were reduced to sixty. They couldn’t force the Indians to work for them because they were outnumbered and despite their superior firearms, they knew the Indians could massacre them. The Indians also had amazing spirit and resistance. They would prefer to die than be controlled by others. Indentured servants wouldn’t suffice because they had not been brought over in sufficient quantity. Also, indentured servants only had to work for a few years to repay their debt. Indentured servants eventually assimilated into society, increasing the need for laborers. Black slaves were the answer, as a million blacks had already been brought from Africa to the Portuguese and Spanish colonies. The first Africans that arrived in Virginia were considered as servants, but were treated and viewed differently from white servants. Even before the slave trade begun, the color black was distasteful. The Africans were viewed as inferior and that was the beginning of racism. It was easy for the English enslave the Africans. They were helpless; the English tore them from their land and culture and they were no match for the English’s guns and ships. Africans were captured and sent to the coast where they were kept in cages until they were picked and sold. Then they were packed aboard the slave ships in spaces that were no bigger than coffins. The combination of desperation from the Jamestown settlers, difficulty of using whites and Indians as servants, the availability of Africans and their helplessness made them the ideal candidates for enslavement. They were the solution to the settler’s problems. Tabaco, cotton, and sugar plantations made the colonies extremely wealthy; however, there simply were not enough whites to meet the need of the plantations. So as the plantation system grew, slavery grew. The slaves were taught to be insubordinate. They endured hard labor, separation from their families, and the power of law, allowing them to be punished physically. And thus the beginning of slavery and the drawing of the racial line.

Skepticism †the Foundation of Epistemology

How can we know anything for sure? What’s out there? How can we know that what we   know is â€Å"knowledge† and not just â€Å"belief†? Many mystics and metaphysicians have reported experiencing the world directly – utterly bypassing the senses. But barring such drastic transcendental experiences, the truth of which cannot be objectively ascertained, we are totally bound to experience the world via the medium of our senses and the mind. As a consequence of which, the great epistemological question arises — what is really out there, what is there all around us in reality? Can we know the objective ‘world around us’ at all? The simple definition of the ‘world around us’ is the world that may exist independent of our senses, perception, mind, and our very existence. If human beings did not exist, and no living creatures with sensory perception existed, would the world be still the same? How can we ever know? From whose perspective would we ‘see’ such a world? The ‘world around us’ is an intractably complex concept.   But the approach to it is simple enough. Not to automatically believe whatever we see around is at the heart of the quintessential epistemological enquiry of â€Å"Skepticism.† †Since at least the time of Descartes (First Meditation) in the seventeenth century there has been a philosophical problem about our knowledge of the world around us. Put most simply, the problem is to show how we can have any knowledge of the world at all. The conclusion that we cannot, that no one knows anything about the world around us, is what I call â€Å"scepticism about the external world.† (Stroud 1984 : 1) In a way it was Francis Bacon who started modern philosophical thinking, in a way it was Rene Descartes, and yet in another way it was Immanuel Kant. The three of them marked the beginning of modern skepticism, modern epistemological thinking and modern philosophy as well. Their thought signified a profound break with the dogmatic religious, theological and metaphysical thinking that dominated Western approach to the understanding of the world for numerous dark centuries before them. Truth is not a given thing, which should be accepted on the basis of faith, anymore. It has to be searched. Human enquiry is paramount. Nothing can be taken for granted. Bacon, Descartes, Kant, the three of them were into systematic demolition of traditional beliefs, paving the way to a new kind of thinking that would characterize the modern way of understanding the world. Perhaps Socrates can be regarded as the first skeptical philosopher, since he began from the premise that he knew nothing. Though at one period there was a special school of skeptical philosophers called â€Å"skeptikoi† (among whom Pyrrho of Elis, Arcesilaus, Carneades), skepticism influenced in a pervasive way all Greek and Roman philosophies. With the advent of Christianity however, skepticism and openness of enquiry gave way to fundamentalism and dogmatism (Hooker 1996). But during the ages of Renaissance and Enlightenment (16 – 18 centuries), skepticism was once again in full force. It had to be. Without it, there cannot be any true philosophy or even science, not to mention epistemology. Our beliefs about the external world can possess the certainty of knowledge only when they can be justified by irrefutable evidence. As it is, our knowledge of the external world is purely â€Å"inferential,† derived through our senses and mind. All supposed evidence we have about the external world is provided by our perceptual experience: that is to say, by how things look, sounds, smell, taste and feel to us. Our experiential beliefs, however, can never logically entail anything about the external world, because no intrinsic logical necessity exists for there to be an exact correspondence between our perceptions of the external world and the real world around us. There seems to be no feasible logical inference possible, which can bridge the gap between the world around us and ourselves either. As a result, there is no logical way to justify our core beliefs about the external world. We are not even in a position to assert the existence of an external world, as separate from our own minds. Hence skepticism. The crux of skepticism, which is in fact not just some school of thought but a fundamental reflection about human existence in the universe, is well presented by Descartes in his First Meditation.   Descartes starts with exploring the various grounds of skepticism, in order to arrive at some point of certainty, if possible. Descartes says what if we were all living in a dream? We all must have dreamed dreams that we thought were so absolutely real that not even the faintest suspicion of doubt arose in us as to the reality of our dream experiences until we awoke.   This single argument in itself is enough to cast a heavy shadow of doubt on the reality of our existence. Yet Descartes attacks from various angles the seemingly unshakeable certainty we have in our own existence and the existence of the world around us. Dream, hallucination, illusion, delusion – the very possibility of these things undermines the certainty of our individual existence, and the existence of our world as we perceive it. Descartes goes on even further to refute the certainty of mathematical equations such as two plus two equals four. What if, Descartes asks, the whole world is run by an omnipotent evil Deity who could be having fun deliberately misleading our logic? (Descartes) Thus ultimately even mathematical certainty is ruled out. Dreams are everyday experience to us, as are simple mathematical facts. To Descartes, one could be as illusory, a mere product of mind, as other. Nothing is left. Is there anything at all we can be indubitably certain about? Is any thing that the human mind can know reliable in the ultimate sense of the word? A large part of Kant's work too moves around the question â€Å"What can human mind know?† The answer, according to Kant, is that our knowledge is inherently restricted to mathematics and the science of the natural, empirical world. It is not logically possible to extend the scope of our thinking to comprehend supersensible realm, as it used to be done in speculative metaphysics. There are limits to human knowledge, human perception, and the reach of human mind. Yet it is with this mind we have to unrelentingly seek, to know and comprehend about our world. Kant lived in an age when the scientific spirit of man was freshly abloom. It is impossible to understand modern philosophy without considering the scientific revolution. Kant had to evolve a philosophical framework for newly emerging scientific attitudes. He focused attention on the way scientific theories are shaped by man’s creative investigations into nature. The rational reorientation in Western thinking was introduced by Copernicus (the so-called Copernican revolution), and was developed by Galileo, Bacon, Descartes, Kant, and Hume into a systematic and comprehensive framework to the new, scientific, rational and empirical way of thinking. Though skepticism may be most commonly associated with Cartesian Skepticism, or to the thought of this philosopher or that, just like in the ancient Greece the influence of philosophical and scientific skepticism permeates wide and deep into much of modern thought. The skepticism about the external world is an inevitable consequence of human experience, and perhaps is by its very nature insurmountable. Further, it is not only a question of what is out there – it is also a question of what is in here. We cannot be sure of the outside world, but equally, we cannot be sure of who we are ourselves; the nature of our own existence remains in dark. Rene Descartes asserts â€Å"I think therefore I am,† but on second thoughts he may be only thinking he is. References: Descartes, Rene. Meditations on First Philosophy. Retrieved May 3, 2007 from http://www.classicallibrary.org/descartes/meditations/4.htm Hooker, R. (1996). Skepticism. Retrieved May 3, 2007 Stewart, D. ; Blocker, H. G. (2005). Fundamentals of Philosophy (6th Edition). Upper Saddle River, NJ : Prentice Hall. Stroud, B. (1984). The Significance of Philosophical Scepticism. New York : Oxford Univesity Press ;

Ict Helps Student in Many Ways

TOPIC 1 Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is one of the issues that divide world. In richer countries, schools can afford and supply with many modern ICT infrastructures, hardware and software but reverse situation happen to the poorer countries. Schools may be without electricity and does not have modern ICT infrastructures. ICT has the potential to transform learning in and beyond classroom. ICT can also provide an easy situation even in limited of space and time.There are some benefits of ICT in learning which are student can access enormous amount of information quickly, learning process become easier and more update about new issues and can improve richness of learning experience. As mentioned above, ICT helps students to get many useful information. They do not have to worry about lack of information during their study time because ICT help them in gaining a lot of information. Students just need to click the mouse and just in seconds, everything already get ready. Moreover, students no longer have to rely on printed books as main references. Sometimes references books contain outdated information thus learners will carry on wrong information. This will bring bad efffect in learning process. If they stick at ICT, they only need to carry notebook which mean more light and conventional. With the internet, a wealth learning materials in almost every subject can be excess everywhere anywhere. Almost all information in internet are up-to-date.According to Kate Mckenzie, â€Å"ICT in education is the key to unlocking the skills and knowledge of our future generations of young people. It is the tool for learning for the 21st century† (Mckenzie, 2006) Based on Kate Mckenzie word, it prove that ICT is very important to everyone especially youngster. In a nutshell, ICT brings many good things in daily life. It give benefits to both teachers and students in educational world. ICT also provide better situation in the classroom. Some benefits of ICT that can be discuss are first ICT help student to gain many information in the short time.As a student, we have to find a lot of information in a short time by the ICT needed to help simplify and speed up our work. Next, using ICT learning process will become easier and more up to date. Students are no longer left to obtain the latest and fresh information. Lastly, through ICT students and teachers will be able to renew their teaching techniques to more effective ways. Although ICT is a new technology, however ICT still provide tradisional methods which include writing, drawing and gaining information from the text.In order to achieve developed country status, Malaysia have to upgrade the user of ICT in our daily life in order to make sure our civilians always up-to-dated to new information. References Blurton, P. C. (1999) New direction of ICT-use in education. Retrieved from http://www. unesco. org Nwosu, D. O. and Ogboma, E. F. (2008). ICT in education: A Catalyst for effective use of information. Retrieved from http://unllib. unl. edu Misra, S. (Dec 2010). Role of ICT in enhancing the educational productivity. Retrieved from http://www. academia. edu Mckenzie, K. (2006). Retrieved October 16, 2012, from http://www. naace. co. uk

Trailer Park Boys Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Trailer Park Boys - Article Example The interesting thing about this trio is that they represent a certain paradox, being, on the one hand, â€Å"quintessentially Canadian†, and on the other, the embodiment of the universal human qualities. Spending their time doing things that are very Canadian, at the same time, there is nothing about them that might be called exclusively Canadian, and consequently, it is possible to claim that the characters are not solely determined by the country they originate from. Yet they surely have this touch of â€Å"Canadian air† that makes them alluring to the audience and adds a spicy note to the series. One more thing that makes the three main characters good for the comedy is their low status, as according to the popular opinion its easier for most people to relate to someone who is struggling through his or her life rather than someone who is rich and has everything he can wish for. Such â€Å"underdog† characters, according to Dan Brown, go back to Greek comedy, and they evoke sympathy since they are not hurting anyone apart from those â€Å"deserving† it – such as the government or insurance companies. Such characters seem to resonate with â€Å"the Robin Hood feeling† many people have rooted in their hearts. If we talk about the story itself, the way it is presented and structured is also supposed to contribute to the show’s success in the United States. Trailer Park Boys is presented as a pseudo-documentary – which is due to budgetary constraints yet is likely to stop the audience from surfing the channels once they come across the show. As a result, the series turns out to be quite cheap to shoot and at the same time interesting for people who watch it. It is also important that a lot of rude, curse and obscene words have been bleeped from the plot lines – they simply would not work for the Americans.

Do state assessments truly measure a disabled students' intellectual Research Paper

Do state assessments truly measure a disabled students' intellectual abilities - Research Paper Example Testing to Students with Disabilities Students with disabilities should be afforded the same kinds of opportunities to do well in high-stakes testing. This is proven in a document released by The University of the State of New York?and The State Education Department?Office of Vocational and Education Services ?for Individuals with Disabilities (VESID). It states: According to Test Access and Accommodations for Students with Disabilities (2006), â€Å"All students, including students with disabilities, are expected to learn and achieve high standards.   To meet this goal, students with disabilities must have access to general education curriculum courses, electives and required assessments.   This was affirmed in 1997 when the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) was amended to require that students with disabilities, including students with severe cognitive disabilities through the development of a State alternate assessment, participate in State and districtwide a ssessments† (pgh. 1). Further, it has been noted that appropriate testing accommodations can and shall have been made in order to take into account the fact that there are several different types of differently-abled learners. What should matter is that these students are given the same types of opportunities as students in regular and Honors courses to achieve their best, at whatever level of schooling they are at—but especially in high school so they are adequately prepared to move on to higher education beyond the secondary level. According to Test Access and Accommodations for Students with Disabilities (2006), â€Å"IDEA 2004 further strengthened this requirement by adding several new provisions that will ensure that students have access to State tests and that test results are valid and... The research paper tells that students with disabilities should be afforded the same kinds of opportunities to do well in high-stakes testing. This is proven in a document released by The University of the State of New York and The State Education Department Office of Vocational and Education Services for Individuals with Disabilities (VESID). Further, it has been noted that appropriate testing accommodations can and shall have been made in order to take into account the fact that there are several different types of differently-abled learners. What should matter is that these students are given the same types of opportunities as students in regular and Honors courses to achieve their best, at whatever level of schooling they are at—but especially in high school so they are adequately prepared to move on to higher education beyond the secondary level. These accommodations that are called for routinely help assess students’ true intellectual abilities by helping students demonstrate how they have attained a mastery of certain skill sets. According to Test Access and Accommodations for Students with Disabilities, â€Å"Many students with disabilities will require testing accommodations in order to participate in testing programs on an equal basis with their nondisabled peers. Such accommodations provide students with the ability to demonstrate mastery of skills and attainment of knowledge without being limited or unfairly restricted due to [having] a disability†.

Public Order Legislation and Fundamental Rights Essay

Public Order Legislation and Fundamental Rights - Essay Example Public protests are generally encompassed within the framework of the right to free expression and free association which is an essential part of a democracy. However the European Convention of Human Rights also includes among its umbrella of rights guaranteed to people, the right to such freedom of speech and association which may also include the freedom to protest6. But this right to public assembly is not one of the fundamental rights, such as that of the right to life or the right against torture7, therefore these rights may be regulated to some extent by the Government through the police in the interest of maintaining law and order. But how far can policing be extended? While these rights may certainly be regulated, they cannot be obstructed and developments that have been occurring within the UK for the past two decades appear to point in that direction. The Criminal Justice and Public Order Act of 1994:Public protest has been a part of UK history, but has not been construed t o be criminal without due cause. The Public Order Act of 1986 had introduced some restrictions on public gatherings, camping and other activities, however these provisions as extended into the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act of 1994 to cope with criminal and terrorist elements, has resulted in a wider range of activities being construed as criminal offences.Specific provisions that are of interest in the case of public order are from section 619 up to sections 77-80 that even deal with the traveling community

Security and Loss Prevention Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Security and Loss Prevention - Assignment Example The general investigation steps to verify the validity of the embezzlement allegations are as follows: (1) document the event and prepare a report to contain the information revealed by the employee; (2) interview the person who reported the incident through whatever means possible; (3) talk to the senior managers to whom the plant controller is reporting to for the purpose of finding out any unusual transactions perceived to have been contracted by the plant controller and verifying if the tip has any basis (but making sure to emphasize full confidentiality and privacy of the issues); (4) identify other possible employees who could have known the incident or those within the plant controller’s chain of command; (5) contact the CEO and CFO to inform them of the investigations on the plant controller; (6) remove the plant controller from the division discreetly; (7) evaluate and determine the extent of the loss; (8) decide on the need to enforce either a temporary operating pro cedures and policies or a full closure within the division being investigated (Carnie, 2012; Turner, 2009). In preparation for the interviews, note the order of the witnesses who would be interviewed and how you would plan, conduct, and document your interviews. In preparation for the interviews, all people who are within the chain of command of the plant controller should be included. Likewise, those who could have knowledge of overriding existing controls should also be investigated. As emphasized by Carnie (2012), â€Å"identify those employees (at every level of the company) who had both access and opportunity to commit the theft, as well as those who may have known of the theft but failed to disclose it. All employees with access and opportunity should be included in the investigation, regardless of their job record, length of employment, or stature within the company. Identifying such employees allows the employer to focus the investigation on as small a group of employees as possible with as little disclosure as possible† (par. 6). The order of the witnesses would be as follows: (1) the whistle blower; (2) the senior manager or the supervisor of the plant controller; (3) the CEO and CFO; (4) staff who are directly being superv ised by the plant controller; (5) staff who has knowledge of overriding external controls; (6) others who are identified to be potentially involved. The plan of action for the interview would be: (1) identification of people to be interviewed; (2) schedule specific interviews either in the office of senior management or the people to be inte

Recognize Supply Chain Management Challenges in the Army's Supply Term Paper

Recognize Supply Chain Management Challenges in the Army's Supply System - Term Paper Example Supply chain management covers the processes of materials management, logistics, physical distribution management, purchasing, and information management† (Supply chain management.2007). SCM is a logistic network that is constructed on four elements i.e. suppliers, manufacturers, warehouses / distribution centers and customers. Likewise, the raw material, work-in-progress inventory (WIP), finished products flows and communicate between these four elements. The ultimate goal is to produce and distribute the manufactured goods in adequate quantities, to the correct locations and at the accurate time. However, there are certain factors that may lead to highlight difficulties in supply chain management processes. For instance, uncertainty may cause issues related to travel times, scheduling of transportation including vehicles and machines, weather forecasts, natural disasters, war, politics, labor issues etc. Similarly, in the same context military supply chain management networks are multifaceted as they are globally located and are managed by conventional and regulatory processes. Moreover, the management of these networks is convoluted due to segregating responsibilities for command, across different levels in the supply chain management network. Likewise, frequent promotions and job rotation in a rising-cost environment is a challenge. Furthermore, SCM has also encountered vulnerabilities. A security definition in the context of SCM is defined as â€Å"The discipline of contingency planning for any authorized delay, diversion, compromise or other related incident that could create a negative disruption or cost to a company’s flow of material, data or payment across international borders, from the point of conception to final delivery.† (Peck, 2003). Discussion The military supply chain management processes have witnessed many shortcomings in terms of improper communication channels between the SCM four elements i.e. suppliers, manufacturers , warehouses / distribution centers and customers. Moreover, there are several issues related to military supply chain that are discussed in separate headings. RFID Integration with Military Supply Chains â€Å"Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is an enabling technology that will allow military logisticians to create synthesized and integrated end-to-end information on assets† (Estevez, 2005). Tracking troops is essential for the military supply chain, in order to align supplies in a reachable location. US faced a similar challenge during an Iraqi freedom operation, as the rapidly moving troops were tracked by incorporating information technology. Each combat unit was equipped with Radio frequency identification (RFID) transponders. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a technology to recognize objects. This technology is for eternity classified as a technology similar to Automatic Identification and Data Capture (AIDC). AIDC consists of Barcodes, Biometrics and Smart cards. Apparently, RFID and Barcodes technologies are considered as one of the key drivers in supply chain management operations to categorize objects or merchandize at various workflow stages. In

Access Control and Policies Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Access Control and Policies - Assignment Example One advantage of the Access Control Lists (ACLs) is the protection it offers users of a system. The Mandatory Access Control (MAC), for example, is a policy that is mandatory in every system present. It requires that users are offered access based on mandated guidelines. The Role Based Access Control (RBAC) controls access depending on the role played by system users (Kuhn, 2003). The advantage brought on by such access controls helps determine who is to access data, regulate what they might, or might not do. The ACLs provide an exceptional method of accessing data and resources. Disadvantages brought on by the use of ACLs are immense. One of them includes the difficulty involved in maintaining the ACLs in an environment where there is a large number of users. They are also error-prone and do not offer assurance on the protection of confidential information. This is once there is a need to change, or delete ACLs on individual files. These challenges make it particularly hard for system users to trust ACLs entirely (Bertino & Ghinita, 2011). The organization of information resources would be in such a manner that there is one system to access. The use of the RBAC is crucial in the arrangement of such information. It is an exceptional tool to use since it will recognize internal and external users of that system. People, therefore, can carry out their responsibilities without too much struggle. They would be assigned unique codes that grant them access to the system (Gofman, 2008). Discretionary policies in any system create the possibility of what one can access, and how they can use that information. If there is any threat of damage of data, there are software systems created to raise an alarm. The Biba Integrity Model is a security system that ensures problems associated with damaging of information are dealt with accordingly. The protection of information is

Information and Data Handling Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Information and Data Handling - Coursework Example My work however, which includes accessing the better place my family is going to live in London will be availed in relation to the budget and the affordability of time both for me and my siblings attending schools and my father who need to catch up the train in time while going to work (Ladley, pp.45). However, choice of different methods for collecting data in regards to which place my family will live, either in Ealing or Slough, will be influenced by the strategies, variable, accuracy point and skills behind the data collection that I will avail. This however, will include the use of questionnaires, interviews, direct observation and reports that will give me direct measurements towards the acquisition of the better area my family is going to live.  Questionnaires can be done online by the use of the school database system. I will engage and post questionnaires within my school account to reach my fellow students who leave either in Ealing or Slough to give verdict on how much r enting a three bedroom house cost, the cost of transport to school, effectives in regards to time and general the cost of life in this two areas (Wheelan, pp. 14-25). In addition, direct observation can be of more help since travelling to these areas will give me a clue on how much it cost in transportation and living standards. This however, triggers the use of direct measurements and interviews aspect.   Collect data on the renting cost of 20 three bed roomed houses in Slough and Ealing. You will need to use Estate Agents Websites.

Marketing Exploratory Research Essay Example for Free

Marketing Exploratory Research Essay Researchers employ exploratory research when little is known about the topic and previous theories or ideas do not apply. For example, if you wanted to study how to get students to use the computer lab in a college environment, you might first have to do exploratory research to figure out which students might need the lab and what appeals to this demographic. Exploratory research clarifies problems, gathers data and creates initial hypothesis and theories about subjects. The primary point of exploratory research is to give researchers pertinent information and help them to form initial hypotheses about the subject. Exploratory research is challenging in the sense that it tackles vaguely defined hypothesis and tries to find answers to questions. This kind of research is social in nature and requires some preliminary work in the direction of the research. In fact, sociologist Earl Babbie treats exploratory as the purpose of the research saying this kind of research proves to be useful when the hypothesis has yet not been formed or developed. There are certain basic premises that need to be tested at the start of an exploratory research. With the help of these hypotheses, the researcher hopes to arrive at more generalizations. Exploratory research is a form of research conducted for a problem that has not been clearly defined. Exploratory research helps determine the best research design, data collection method and selection of subjects. It should draw definitive conclusions only with extreme caution. Given its fundamental nature, exploratory research often concludes that a perceived problem does not actually exist. Exploratory research often relies on secondary research such as reviewing available literature and/or data, or qualitative approaches such as informal discussions with consumers, employees, management or competitors, and more formal approaches through in-depth interviews, focus groups, projective methods, case studies or pilot studies. The Internet allows for research methods that are more interactive in nature. For example, RSS feeds efficiently supply researchers with up-to-date information; major search engine search results may be sent by email to researchers by services such as Google Alerts; comprehensive search results are tracked over lengthy periods of time by services such as Google Trends; and websites may be created to attract worldwide feedback on any subject. When the purpose of research is to gain familiarity with a phenomenon or acquire new insight into it in order to formulate a more precise problem or develop hypothesis, the exploratory studies ( also known as formulative research ) come in handy. If the theory happens to be too general or too specific, a hypothesis cannot to be formulated. Therefore a need for an exploratory research is felt to gain experience that will be helpful in formulative relevant hypothesis for more definite investigation Descriptive Research Descriptive research is done with a specific research question in mind. It gives a set view of the subject, population, market segment or problem. An example of descriptive research would be a report that provides an age and gender breakdown of the users of a particular online service. Descriptive research provides research questions, populations or methods of analysis before the research is started. In marketing, it often consists of longitudinal studies, which study the behavior of individuals over time, and cross-sectional studies, which examine many populations at one specific time. As the name implies, a descriptive research is descriptive in nature and gathers statistics, which is later carefully studied to arrive at conclusions. In fact, descriptive research often leads to formulation of hypothesis as collation and analysis of data produces conclusions that form the basis of another research. So, if there is a research about the use of alcohol among teenagers, it typically begins with collection of data that is descriptive in nature and lets people know the age and drinking habits of students. Descriptive research is helpful for calculations and to arrive at statistical tools such as median, averages, and frequencies. Descriptive research, also known as statistical research, describes data and characteristics about the population or phenomenon being studied. However, it does not answer questions about e.g.: how/when/why the characteristics occurred, which is done under analytic research. Although the data description is factual, accurate and systematic, the research cannot describe what caused a situation. Thus, Descriptive research cannot be used to create a causal relationship, where one variable affects another. In other words, descriptive research can be said to have a low requirement for internal validity. The description is used for frequencies, averages and other statistical calculations. Often the best approach, prior to writing descriptive research, is to conduct a survey investigation. There are three main types of descriptive methods: observational methods, case-study methods and survey methods. Observational Method With the observational method (sometimes referred to as field observation) animal and human behavior is closely observed. There are two main categories of the observational method — naturalistic observation and laboratory observation. The biggest advantage of the naturalistic method of research is that researchers view participants in their natural environments. This leads to greater ecological validity than laboratory observation, proponents say. Ecological validity refers to the extent to which research can be used in real-life situations. Proponents of laboratory observation often suggest that due to more control in the laboratory, the results found when using laboratory observation are more meaningful than those obtained with naturalistic observation. Laboratory observations are usually less time-consuming and cheaper than naturalistic observations. Of course, both naturalistic and laboratory observation are important in regard to the advancement of scientific knowledge. Case Study Method Case study research involves an in-depth study of an individual or group of indviduals. Case studies often lead to testable hypotheses and allow us to study rare phenomena. Case studies should not be used to determine cause and effect, and they have limited use for making accurate predictions. There are two serious problems with case studies — expectancy effects and atypical individuals. Expectancy effects include the experimenter’s underlying biases that might affect the actions taken while conducting research. These biases can lead to misrepresenting participants’ descriptions. Describing atypical individuals may lead to poor generalizations and detract from external validity. Survey Method Survey method research, participants answer questions administered through interviews or questionnaires. After participants answer the questions, researchers describe the responses given. In order for the survey to be both reliable and valid it is important that the questions are constructed properly. Questions should be written so they are clear and easy to comprehend. What is the difference between Descriptive and Exploratory Research? †¢ Descriptive research, being quantitative in nature, is restrictive in terms of open ended questions, which can be better answered using exploratory research. †¢ Flexibility of design is offered by exploratory research more than by descriptive research. †¢ Descriptive research is used more to arrive at statistical tools such as mean, average, median and frequency. On the other hand, exploratory research allows the researcher to develop designs that are more qualitative in nature. †¢ The amount of information known to the researcher at the start of the research plays an important role in deciding upon the type of research. With only vague ideas in the minds of the researcher, it is better to go for exploratory design. On the other hand, more information such as quantitative data allows a researcher to go for descriptive research that leads to unearthing causal relationships. †¢ Exploratory research needs to be conducted first to have a platform that allows for collation of data required in descriptive research.

Time pressure on ambulance drivers Essay Example for Free

Time pressure on ambulance drivers Essay Ambulance drivers are required to make decisions on which route to follow under time constraints because every second is counted to save a life. Timmons, 2007 indicated that â€Å"Decision makers are susceptible to cognitive biases when operating under stress, i. e. , high workload, time pressure, and information ambiguity†, pp4. A cognitive bias is defined by Haselton et al. (2005) as the tendency to search for information and alternatives that prove their preconceptions and to discount information that disproves their preconceptions. Kowalski-Trakofler et al. (2003) carried a study to discuss human judgement and decision making under stress. The authors selected recent literatures and carried out a field work to discuss the affect of stress on emergency responders. They examined coping with stress under time constrains on expert emergency teams. It was concluded from this research that â€Å"stress restricts cue sampling, decreases vigilance, reduces the capacity of working memory, causes premature closure in evaluating alternative options, and results in task shedding†, ( Kowalski-Trakofler et al. 2003, p282). They have mentioned a study that identifies emergency decision makers’ behaviours under stress. This study concluded that these people under stress â€Å"not only have the effects of their own stress response and its resulting consequences, the information they must base their judgments on is often unclear, faulty and incomplete†, p. 283. The over all conclusion of this study was that the stress under time pressure narrows the decision maker focus whether working individually or in groups Impact of traffic congestion on response time: 2. 7 Shortest path algorithm Shortest paths’ calculations are unavoidable in road network analysis applications including emergency medical services such as ambulance navigation systems, (Liang, 2005). The shortest path (or minimum weight path) is defined as calculating the least total distance weight or least time weight paths between two locations (Derekenaris et al. , 2000). The quickness of calculating the shortest route for EMS is essential to reduce the respond time needed to route the ambulance vehicles from the dispatch location to the incident scenes (Liang, 2005). Liang pointed out that the problem arises when finding the shortest routes in big urban cities which contain huge road networks that are associated with massive amount of real world roads information(such as traffic information, name of roads, etc) and associated with the available capabilities of the hardware for example the amount of memory used to run this algorithm. Engineer (2001) considered two systems that controls and calculate the shortest routes in EMS. First, a centralised system which runs by ambulance control centre personnel, while the other system is called decentralised system in which the shortest path is calculated on board of the vehicles and this system is usually have limited memory and storage capabilities. He mentioned that an optimal algorithm to find the shortest path in less time is essential especially for decartelised system Zhan and Noon (1998) distinguished three types of shortest path algorithms which are single pair, single source and all pairs shortest paths algorithms. Single pair calculates the shortest path between two points in a network, while single source algorithm calculates the shortest path from a point to all other points in a network and finally the all pairs algorithm calculates the shortest path between every pair of points. Borri Cera (2005) explained single pair shortest path algorithm by assigning a first point and second one on a road network. It is possible to calculate the shortest distance between these points by minimising the value of distance linked with each point on the network (also known as impedance) taking into consideration that the a distance variable is associated with each point on the network. They also pointed out that the shortest path can be calculated according to different variable rather than distance one, such as â€Å"time or monetary cost†, pp 954. There are many algorithms for solving shortest paths which have been formulated over the years as a result of different research studies in different fields such as geography, computer sciences and transportations (Goldberg Radzik, 1993). However, there are three main used algorithms, which are Dijkstras algorithm, Restricted Search Algorithm and A* Search algorithm. ArcView Network Analyst extension uses a modified Dijkstar’s algorithm that does not only finds the shortest path from one point not another but also it was built to facilitate quick access to the topology of the network data (ESRI help, 1992). In addition, the modification includes a custom memory to manage and deal with very large networks.

Construction Project for Denver International Airport

Construction Project for Denver International Airport 1. Project Concept and Strategy 1.1 Is the decision to build a new airport at Denver a strategically sound decision? Give Reasons for your opinion. Yes, the decision to build a new airport at Denver is a strategically sound one. This is because Denvers Stapleton Airport was experiencing brisk growth prior to deregulations. Deregulation meant open market competition that would bring air travel within the reach of average person thereby increasing air traffic at the Stapleton Airport. Moreover, the regional council of governments predicted that the airport would not be able to handle the necessary traffic by 2000. Stapleton could have been modernized giving it a lease of life for another five years but Denvers remote location meant that the insufficient capacity problem would still persest and could cause city to lose valuable business. Denver Stapleton airport was also one of the major connecting airports and was ranked in top ten worst air traffic bottlenecks in United States. These bottlenecks at Denver affected other airports as it had only two runways located very closely to each other which in bad weather were considered one. The new airport was meant to solve this bottleneck problem for Denver city. Stapleton airport was affected by high velocity winds which resulted in operations being shifted from one direction to the other, this procedure wasted 45 minutes. The new airport would bring this time to 4 minutes thereby saving cost and time for the airport. 1.2 Using the Gray and Larsons model, write a simple project scope statement for DIA project. Project Objective: Constructing a world class international airport that would serve the needs of the city for at least fifty to sixty years with an estimated cost of $1.7 billon. Deliverables:- Building a world class international airport for Denver City. Ten 12,000 runways and two 16,000 foot runway. 327 foot FAA air traffic control and a base building structure. Runway/taxiway lighting system. Creation of a buffer zone to protect surrounding residents. Building three concourses with 72 airline gates and 18 commuter gates. DCV baggage handling system for the entire airport. Milestones:- Passing of Airport Referendum. Land Selection and other legal clearance Airport Design Project Management teams selection Construction of the runways Construction of airport facilities Opening Day Technical Requirements:- Continuos noise monitoring and limits on business which are in direct competition with the existing business in Adams County. Prohibiting residential development within 60 LDN noise level. Translucent tent-like roof for the Airport. Runway/taxiway lighting system. All three concourses to provide 70 airline gates and 18 commuter gates. Fully automated baggage handling system. Limits and exclusions:- BAE would design and build the automated baggage handling system. U.S. West Communication Services was responsible for Airports telephone services. The City of Denver, Greiner Engineering and Morrison-Kundse Engineering will comprise the project management team and will be responsible for information management, managing costs, scheduled coordination and administration of the contractors. New Orleans Architectural firm responsible for creating standards that would unify the whole airport and to do the schematics and design development of the main terminal. Review with customer:- Review is to be done with the Denver City Council. 2. Project define and planning 2.1 Did the project plan explain how risk management, and any changes in the project would be controlled? Should this be part of the plan? Give reasons. DIA project plan did not explain how risk management or any other changes in the project would be controlled. Project Management teams often use Statement of work (SWO) or Project Charter to establish risk limits (Larson Gray, 2011). DIA case study does not provide any evidence as to the use of these documents to establish risk and to manage them. Risk are always perceived to have negative impact but they can also be positive (Turbit, 2011). Therefore, Risk management is very crucial part in project planing as the future is uncertain and what risk management can do is to identify all the potential risk and assign contingence plan for the same. Turbit (2011), has given the basic steps for risk management, these are:- Risk Identification Risks Quantification Risk Response Risk Monitoring and control By following these simple steps, risks can be identified and appropriate contingencies plans for them same can be made. These steps if followed correctly justify the importance of risk management in project management. 2.2 How many times has the DIA project changed the scope and what are the effects of scope changes on project management? Project Scope is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The work that needs to be accomplished to deliver a product, Service, or result with the specified features and functions.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Going by this definition the scope of DIA has been changed seven times thereby extending the deadline of the project. These are as follows:- In March 1993:- Denver Mayor announced that opening would be postponed to December of 1993. The effect of this is the rise in cost form $1.7 billion to $2.7 billion. In October 1993:- Opening date pushed to March 1994. Delay associated with problems in Baggage handling system and fire- security system. The effect of this was the projects cost rising to $3.1 billion and upset cargo carriers. In December 1993:- Due to incomplete baggage handling system another delay announced. In February 1994:- Opening rescheduled to May 1994 due to the incomplete baggage handling system. In May 1994:- Another delay in opening and Hiring of two German experts who had worked on a similar baggage handling system at Frankfurt airport. In August 1994:- Indefinite delay in opening announced, manual backup baggage handling system. The effect is, rising costs now estimated at over $4 billion. The effect of scope changes on project management is scope creep and rising costs. DIA project managers have incorporate so many small changes giving rise to so much additional work that the budget in hand and the time needed to accomplish the project is now insufficient resulting in seven delays in project completion. 2.3 Recommend a suitable project organisation structure for DIA project and justify your choice. The project organisation structure that I would recommend for DIA project is Organising projects as dedicated teams. Following are the reasons for my choice:- Simple: As the project teams comprise of specialists the functional organisations working is not affected by the formation of such project organisational structures (Larson Gray, 2011). If this structure was adopted the City of Denver would have been kept out of Project management and only the specialist team would have been responsible for the project Fast: It has been observed that dedicates teams accomplish the projects much more quickly as every team members effort is dedicated to one common goal (Larson Gray, 2011). In DIA this was not the case as three Project Management teams were coordinating there effort. Staff adhesion and high motivation: Team members show high degree of motivation, adhesion and responsibility as everyone in the team is working for a common goals (Larson Gray, 2011). If DIA had followed this structure the responsibility and ownership of task would have been much easier. Cross Functional Integration: People with different skill set work towards the optimisation of project even if it is not there area of expertise (Larson Gray, 2011). Freedom to project manager: compared to other to form of project organisation structure the project manager has comparatively more freedom to control their team resulting in better and quicker decision making (Larson Gray, 2011). 3. Communication and Stakeholder Management 3.1 Project communications were apparently poor. Give examples of two communication mishaps and justify your answer. According to Larson Gray (2011) Communication is one of the main components in project management. However, in DIAs case the communication was rather poor. Examples of two communication mishaps are as follows:- No inputs from the two major Airlines in the design phase: 80% of the flights at Stapleton airport were controlled by United and Continental yet no inputs or their involvement in design face was never sought. This was a major communication mishap, because these two would be the major controllers of flights at the new Denver International Airport. Failure to get their vital input in the design phase was a failure on the part of PMT. DCV system: Good project communication plan would have told the team member about the issues and risks associated with this complex baggage handling system. But communication in regards to DCA system was a diaster in project management perspective. The terminal construction had already begun and no one knew what the design of DCV system was. No one was aware of the risks and complexity associated with such system. This is an instance of a major failure of communication in the DIA project. 3.2 Why was Unites Airline opposed to expansion of Front Range Airport? UPS wanted to build a regional hub at the Front Range Airport. This required federal funds. If FAA granted funds for UPS regional hub then a commercial airlines could not be prohibited from setting up shops in the Front Range Airport. As costs were already fixed the threat to United Airlines was from the low cost carriers who would have operated at Front Range Airport. If this happened it would reduce the passenger traffic at DIA which equated to less profit for United Airlines. To curb UPS ambitions United filed a lawsuit. Moreover, it also secured the passenger number at the new DIA airport. 3.3 Why is Stakeholder involvement so critical? Briefly explain four main stakeholders interests or objectives? Stakeholders includes everyone whose interest the project affects negatively or positively (Larson Gray, 2011). This definition of the stakeholder makes it very clear how important stakeholders are to a project. If the Project Manager does not understand how different stakeholders affect the project it can de detrimental for the projects completion. Therefore, it is important to manage their dependency on the project. Four main stakeholders and their interest / objectives Adams County: Adam County is interested in DIA because it is being constructed in their area. Their objective is to ensure the interests and safety of people living in its area. This is being done by creating buffer zones, keeping the noise pollution down and the limits on new business opening as a consequence of DIAs construction. New Orleans-based architectural firm:- One of the contractors of DIA. Their objectives are:- Creating standards for the unification of the airport and taking the design of main terminal through design development and schematics. BAE:- One of the contractors for DIA. Their objectives are to design and build the baggage handling system within two years. U.S. West Communication Services: Is one of the contractors in the DIA project. They are responsible for the telephone services of DIA. 4. Risk Management 4.1 What appears to be the single greatest risk in the decision to build DIA-discuss? The single greatest risk in the decision to building DIA is that the construction of the Airport began 1989 without a signal contract being signed between DIA and the two major airlines, Continental and United. These two airlines were the main stakeholder in the project and were likely to control 80% of the flights at DIA as they did in Stapleton airport, they convinced DIA to make some substantial changes and addition to the originally plans. DIA did oblige to their request but without any agreement between them. If the two later on decided not to operate at DIA they could not be forced to do so as they were not legally bound by any contracts. 4.2 How did DIA project handle risk? Was this effective? What might they have done? DIA only did the preliminary risk analysis which involved only three areas, these were weather, cost and human resources. Apart form this no risks analysis were done. These risks analysis were not that effective as it was seen in cost risk analysis where the bids for construction were received below citys own estimates. DIA project did not have a proper risk management programme. After Mr Waddles left DIA to join State of Colorado the project was without a full-time risk manager for several months and eventually a replacement was found in Molly Austin Flaherty. To sum up whatever endeavours DIA undertook in regards to risk management were unsuccessful. To manage risks more effectively DIA should have undertaken the risk management process. This process includes four steps, these are (Larson Gray, 2011):- Risk Identification Risk Assessment Risk Response Development Risk Response Control If DIA had diligently followed these steps it would have been in a far better position to identify all the risk involved with the project and develop appropriate responses for them. 5. Contracting Services 5.1 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Construction began without a signed agreement from Continental and United Airlinesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?- why is a formal signed agreement necessary in this project? Continental and United were the main stakeholders in the DIA project; together both controlled 80% of the flights at the Stapleton airport. Given their existing presence in the Denver air space it was given that they would be the major users of the new DIA airport. Denver City Council should have formally involved Continental and United in the DIA project as they could have given vital inputs at the design phase and should have sign an agreement with them. Instead, DIA project planners made important changes to the original design on suggestions made by the two airlines. Moreover, these changes were made to the original plan without any contract being signed between them and the two airlines. DIA should have signed agreement with both of them as this would have lead to the sharing of risk that would have risen through the changes proposed by the two airlines (Larson Gray, 2011). The commitment would also have assured a commitment of maintaining a certain number of flights at the new DIA airport. However, DIA opted for not having any agreement with the two airlines. This left DIA venerable, as both could reduce their operations at the new DIA airport or withdraw from the new venture altogether. This meant that the very companies on whose base the billion dollar investment was planned and constructed could walk out at will as they were not binded by any formal agreements. 5.2 What contractors were involved in the DIA project and briefly explain two main contractors performances. The Contractors that were involved in the DIA project are:- Morrision-Knudseb Engineering (MKE):- Contracted for Project Management Team. Greiner Engineering: Contracted for Project Management Team. New Orleans Based Architecture firm: Contracted for creating unified standards for airport and taking the design of main terminal through schematics and design developments. BAE: Contracted for the design and building of baggage handling system. US West Communication Services: Contracted for DIAs telephone services. Union Pacific: Contracting for designing track for the train that would connect Denver to DIA. Bechtel Corporation: Responsible for transferring of airport facilities from Stapleton airport to DIA, this has to be done over night. Two Main Contractors Performance:- BAE: They were responsible for designing and building the automated baggage handing system. BAE was brought into the project after 3 years of construction and still BAE miscalculated the time it needed to complete the project and committed to do the entire work in two years which otherwise would have taken eight years. BAE miscalculated the work involved which resulted in the baggage handling system not being delivered at the required time. To sum up BAEs performance was unsatisfactory for this project. Greiner Engineering: Was one of the firms in the project management team (PMT). The PMT did not perform satisfactorily. Things such as risk management, project communication biding, to name few, were not performed satisfactorily by the PMT. 5.3 Did the project follow a systematic bid process? What might they have done? No, the project did not follow a systematic bid process. Case litterateur does give some evidence in regards to the biding process but it is not strong enough to classify the biding process as systematic. There is an instance in case where the New Orleans based architecture firm was selected on their past experience with Denver city council thereby providing further evidence that a systematic biding process was not followed. DIA should have followed the RFP process. The first step the Project manager should have done was to develop the Request of Proposal (RFP) for the project or for parts of it (Larson Gray, 2011). Then the RFP/s should have been announced to the outside contractors with adequate capabilities and expertise (Larson Gray, 2011). The next step would have sees the interested contractors submitting written bids which would have been followed by DIA project mangers selecting the bid that best meet the requirements of RFP/s (Larson Gray, 2011). This process would have ended by providing explanations to contractors as to why they were not selected (Larson Gray, 2011). 6. Progress Monitoring and Control 6.1 Identify the main causes of schedule variation in DIA project. Numbers of causes were associated with the scheduled variation of the DIA project but the main ones are listed as follows:- DCV baggage handling system: according to case literature the baggage handling system delayed the DIA project four times. Two specialists were hired from Germany to iron out the problems with the baggage handling system at the DIA airport. Ultimately a back manual system was financed by DIA authorities as the reliability and completion of the automated system could not be guaranteed by the contactors. Frequent Scope Changes: The scope of project was changed on a number of occasions, though the changes were minor but their aggregated effects on the project cost and its completion were immense. Communication Plan: The project did not have an effective communication plan. There was no communication between the different stakeholders resulting in scheduled variation of DIA project. Risk Management planning: The project managers of DIA did not evaluate the risks involved with the project nor did they develop an effective communication plan to tackle the identified risks. This also led to the scheduled variation of the project. 6.2 What would you have done when you saw that the project would not meet its schedule? If I saw that the project would not meet its deadline I would have done the following things:- Conducted an in-process Audit: In-process audit would have been used by me if I saw the project would not meet its deadline. This is because it allows for corrective actions if the situation changes keeping a strong focus on project advancement and performance (Larson Gray, 2011). This would also help to identify constraints in the project. Implementing Integrated Cost/schedule system: The major problems that the builders of DIA had were the costs, time and communication in the project which were beyond their control. According to Larson Gray (2011), as time passes the ability to influence a particular cost decreases. Therefore, a well integrated cost/schedule system will be able to keep the costs and schedule in check through timely reporting of the same. This will also aid in better decision making as all the stakeholders will be provided with the same facts and figures. Resource levelling: DIA is a time constraint project. I can use resource levelling technique to delay non-critical activities and concentrate on critical ones (Larson Gray, 2011). 7. Project Closeout 7.1 Highlight the major areas of strength in the management of this project. DIA project did not have much to speak about, but a couple of things do deserve to be mentioned, these are:- Even though DIA failed to involved all the stakeholders effectively into the project. They however, did work efficiently with stakeholders, whom they were involved with, to resolve their queries and objections. The original Airport design had four concourses but DIA project planners had efficient WBS to build only three concourses in order to keep the budget down. 7.2 The DIA project was evidently not well run. Why? Give reasons for your opinion. Yes, the DIA project was evidently not well run. The reasons are as follows:- Inadequate Risk Management: Though DIA project managers did under take risk management it was not sufficient for the project. The risk management process failed to identify critical risks which resulted in waste of time and money to cope up with such risks. Moreover, the project was without a full time Risk Manger for several months. Lack of effective communication plan: DIA did not have a well executed communication plan. Consistent and timely information about the project was not given to various stakeholders. This effected the decision making process as everyone was not on the same wave length. Scope creep: DIA project managers kept on including small tasks without realising the impact it was having on the scope of the project resulting in increased costs. 7.3 Overall, What lessons have you learnt from DIA project? The lessons learnt from the DIA project are as follows:- Involvement of main stakeholders: It is very important and crucial for a projects success to involve the main stakeholders in the project. DIA made a blunder by not involving the Continental and United in the design phase ad these two could have given vital inputs in the design phase. Moreover, their involvement in the inception stage would have meant that the later changes made by each of them to the design would not have happened. Importance of Risk Management Process:- A proper well execute risk management process is very important for an project as it prepares and makes the management about all the risk that may arise and equips them with options to tackle the risks as and when they may arise. Importance of communication plan: A well executed communication plan delivers consistent information to the various stakeholders thereby increasing the speed of decision making process. Setting realistic goals: Management should take into account the budget and the time before setting up any goals. Prime example in the case is of the automated baggage handling system. The system involved eight years of work but the contractor committed to complete it in two years which was not a realistic goal. Proper biding process should be followed: A proper RFP process should be followed. This given equal chance for all the external contractors to participate in the biding process and ensures that deserving contractors will be selected which ultimately will be beneficial for the project.

Secrets in Conjugal Relationships Essay -- Literary Analysis

â€Å"Is it always a betrayal to talk about your husband with another man? What about girlfriends or astrologists?† (Dormen). In modern society, people’s feelings and desires are limited by rules of law and morality, especially when they relate to marriage and conjugal relationships. In The Storm, Kate Chopin raised a moral issue of adultery between characters of the short novel-Calixta and Alcee. She discussed the questions based on the metaphor of storm and the lack of passion in Calixta and Bobinot’s marriage. Similarly, in A Doll’s House, Henrik Ibsen scrutinized an issue of a marriage lacking love. He depicted relationships between Nora and Torvald and showed how imperious attitude and misunderstandings ruined conjugal relationships eventually. Both stories are connected by a common problem of secrets that arose from misunderstandings between the spouses. They solved the problem of misunderstanding in different ways, depending on cultural and personal distinctions of the characters. Therefore, the stories ended differently. Chopin concluded that the adulterous act made positive short-term changes in the marriage depicted in The Storm. In contrast, Ibsen ended his play A Doll’s House by stating that lack of understanding and communication led to the marriage collapse. In her short novel The Storm, Chopin explained how an extramarital affair between Calixta and Alcee became a factor benefiting the marriage. Chopin ended the story with the words, â€Å"So the storm passed, and everyone was happy† (123). The story is interesting not only because of the conclusion that infidelity had a beneficial short-term outcome to the family relationships, but also by intricacies that resulted in the happy end. In the middle of the novel, Chopin utiliz... ...pt unrevealed because of her naivety, passionate and pure love to the husband, did not contain any vicious deeds or intentions. However, upon revealing the secret, the true attitude of the couple to each other uncovered and Nora preferred to live alone to life with the husband who called her a criminal and decided to part with her for a formal mistake that saved him love. Works Cited Bartee, Johanna. The Storm: More Than Just a Story. Virginia Wesleyan College , n. d. Web. 09 May 2012. Chopin, Kate. The Storm. Freewebs Com, n.d. Web. 09 May 2012. Goldman, Emma. The Social Significance of the Modern Drama. Berkeley. Edu, n.d. Web. 09 May 2012. Ibsen, Henrik. A Doll's House. Ed. Jim Manis. The Pennsylvania State University, 2010. Web. 09 May 2012. Dormen, Lesley. Secrets and Lies: The Truth About Conjugal Discretion. Hearst Communications. 26 July 2010.

paganbeo Beowulfs Pagan Traditions :: Epic Beowulf essays

Beowulf's Pagan Traditions Beowulf, an epic poem written in the late tenth-century, in the kingdom of the West Saxons, steeping with pagan tradition, this epic depicts nature as hostile and forces of death uncontrollable. Blind fate chooses random victims and people never feel at peace with the world. Also Beowulf ends as a failure to help heal the wounds of his society. Although there are parts of this statement which can be construed as true, for the most part, it doesn't give Beowulf the credit he deserves. For someone whose life was cut short, Beowulf did many great deeds for his time in the world. The statement illustrates nature as hostile and forces of nature uncontrollable. This fraction of the statement is contradicted in the beginning, as the setting is being described, "...these beautiful plains marked off by oceans/then proudly setting the sun and moon to glow across the land and the light it...(8-9). This sets the scene as peaceful, soothing and calm. "The corners of the earth were made lovely with trees/and leaves, made quick with life..."(11-12). When you think of oceans and trees, it brings a sense of reassurance of nature's beauty, not its hostility. Within Beowulf there are obvious places where nature isn't on the peoples side, and many problems arise during this complex tale, but this opening landscape paints a different picture of the period, which followed me throughout the rest of the poem. Despite the fact that many innocent people died within the poem, the phrase, "blind fate picks random victims" can be used for many instances. This phrase is even true today; many innocent people are random victims of violence within our society. Fate isn't something that can be argued lightly. In Grendel's introduction he, "Snatched up thirty men/smashed them unknowingly in their beds..."(37-38). This can be taken to mean that these men were meant to die that night at the hand of the evil monster Grendel, that it was their fate. But on the other hand, on line 36 it states, "He slipped through the door and there in silence..." Which indicates that Grendel didn't try to handpick his victims, but just went for anyone that he could grab.

Hemophilia :: essays research papers

Hemophilia is a rare genetic blood clotting disorder that primarily affects males. People living with hemophilia do not have enough of, or are missing, one of the blood clotting proteins naturally found in blood. Two of the most common forms of hemophilia are A and B. In persons with hemophilia A (also called classic hemophilia), clotting factor VIII is not present in sufficient amounts or is absent. In persons with hemophilia B (also called Christmas disease), clotting factor IX is not present in sufficient amounts or is absent. People with hemophilia do not bleed more profusely or bleed faster than normal; they bleed for a longer period of time. Virtually all people who have hemophilia A or B are born with it. The majority of people with hemophilia have a family history (it is a hereditary disorder). In as many as 30% of cases, there is no family history of hemophilia. In these cases, the mother may not be aware that she carries the gene for hemophilia, or a gene mutation may have occurred spontaneously. A long history Hemophilia was identified as early as biblical times. Doctors in medieval times were familiar with it as well. In 1803, a Philadelphia doctor published the first description of hemophilia in the United States. But it was not until 30 years later that hemophilia became widely recognized. Hemophilia later developed a reputation as the "royal disease" because it passed from Queen Victoria of England to her descendants throughout the royal houses of Europe. Who Gets Hemophilia? Hemophilia occurs when the gene to produce clotting factor does not work correctly. Without the proper amount of clotting factor, bleeding occurs easily. Hemophilia is an inherited disorder in about two thirds of the cases. About one third of the cases of hemophilia occur due to spontaneous changes in the gene or mutations. The presence of a mutated gene may not be noted until a woman with no family history of hemophilia has a son with the disorder. The gene for hemophilia is carried on the X chromosome. The gene for hemophilia is also recessive. This is why hemophilia is referred to as an X-linked recessive disorder. If there is not a normal gene present to offset the defective, recessive gene, the disorder will be present. Whether or not a child will have hemophilia or be a carrier for the disorder depends on the status of the mother and of the father. The figure below shows how this type of disorder is inherited.

Insightful feedback Essay

Your money or your data; Ransomware With hackers running rampant today, more demands are given by them, now with old-fashioned ransoms. Computer users are now faced with a virus called â€Å"ransomware†, which gives users an option of either giving up their data or retrieving it with a fee. Ransomware isn’t likely to go away anytime soon, as new options of exchanging money are now on the internet, from companies such as bitcoin and Paypal, criminals might find them a haven to go to, as there can be anonymity and use of digital currency. Additionally, its programmers are always ahead since they are constantly modifying their code, which keeps them in an advantageous position, and unfortunately, not all their victims get a fair share, many have gotten a broken promise to ransomware’s demands. While this problem will persist, web-users must protect themselves with the best possible solutions to the attack of ransomware’s programmers. Feedback: Never start a sentence with â€Å"With†. Your message appears unclear, it need adjustments. Instead of saying: â€Å"†¦which gives users an option of either giving up their data or retrieving it with a fee.† You can say: Users are deceived into downloading a malicious software that hijacks storage files in their drive(s); prompting the hijacker(s) to demand a ransom before said files are released. Always create multiple drafts before arriving at a conclusion. Start Wilth a long version then refine it. Do it over and over again, until it sounds like something a reporter will say. Read it aloud! If you pause, put a comma. If you run out of breath. put a full stop. Again, always create more than one draft, then refine it until there’s nothing left to add.

Introduction to Information Security Essay

Security Domains and Strategies Safety of data and information is a real important aspect of a company. Before we can create an outline for general security solutions we must first define what is needed. I recommend that we use a multi-layered security plan. There are a total of seven domains of an IT infrastructure including user domain, workstation domain, LAN domain, LAN-to-WAN domain, WAN domain, remote access domain, and system/application domain. User domain is essentially the people who access the information system. User domains tend to receive risk due to the user’s carelessness due to lack of awareness, not caring for policies, and security violations. These can easily be rectified with training. Conduct security awareness training, display security posters around the office, and send email reminders to keep the policies fresh in the employee’s mind. Another common threat is caused by employee misuse of the system. Employees might insert USB drives, or download photos music and videos. These items might contain virus’s which in turn damages the system. The USB ports should be disabled and content filtering and antivirus scanning should be enabled. Workstation domain is any device that connects to the network. A few threats might be encountered are unauthorized access to the workstation and unauthorized access to applications and data. These issues can be mitigated simply by enabling password protection on workstations and by defining strict access control policies. LAN domains are a collection of computers connected to one another. Threats for LAN domains include unauthorized access to the LAN, and unauthorized access to systems applications and data. The solutions for these threats are similar to that of the workstation domain. Another major threat are confidentiality of data transmissions via WLAN connections is compromised. Implementation of encryption between workstation and WAP is crucial. LAN-to-WAN domain is where the infrastructure links to a wide area network and internet. A few issues include unauthorized network probing and port scanning. To resolve this issue disable ping, probing and port scanning on all exterior IPÂ  devices within the domain. Another major issue is unauthorized access through the LAN-to-WAN domain. Simply applying strict security monitoring controls for intrusion and detection and preventing would solve this problem. WAN domains connect remote locations. For these types of domains it is easy for open, public and accessible to anyone that wants to connect. Create new laws regarding unauthorized access to the systems, malicious attacks on the infrastructures and financial loss due to malicious outages. Another issue is that most internet traffic is sent in clear text. To prevent this prohibit using the internet for private communications without encryption and VPN tunnels. Re mote access domain connects remote users to the infrastructure. Threats for this type of infrastructure are brute force user id and password attacks, multiple logon retries and access control attacks. To stop this from occurring creates user id and password policies requiring periodic changes. Set up automatic blocking for attempted logon retries. System/application domain holds all the critical systems, applications and data. Unauthorized access to data centers, computer rooms and wiring closets is a major issue for this domain. Apply policies, standards and procedures for staff and visitors. The servers must sometimes be shut down to perform maintenance. Create a system that brings together servers, storage and networking. These are a couple things that I have outlined that would make this multi-layered security plan a success. We must know the various threats for each layer and how to resolve each layer. This plan will greatly save the company money as well as lawsuits due to inf ormation leakage.

How Important Is Prince Henry (Prince Hal) in Henry IV-Part 1? Essay

In the play Henry IV part 1, we see that Prince Henry (Prince Hal) plays an important part in the whole plot. We see that he is the focal point of the plays main themes. Prince Hal spent almost all of his time in the tavern with Sir John Falstaff, his best friend. In act 2 scene 4, Prince Hal has an interesting conversation with Falstaff. At first, the conversation begins with a little light-hearted humour when Sir John plays the King interviewing the Prince and Prince Hal plays as himself. Falstaff, playing the King, starts the conversation by saying, â€Å"Peace, good pint-pot, peace† to me as a reader this seemed quite funny in the sense that a ‘King of England’ would address his son, the prince a pint-pot. Falstaff then said, while still playing the King, â€Å"I do not only marvel where thou spendest thy time, but also how thou art accompanied.† He later went on to say, â€Å"And yet there is a virtuous man whom I have often noted in thy company, but I know not his name.† Really all this time Falstaff was asking Prince Hal about himself. Knowing this Prince Hal asked the ‘king’ â€Å"what manner of man, and it like your majesty? By this time, Falstaff had most probably thought of enough words to praise himself and so replied, â€Å"A goodly portly man, I’ faith, and a corpulent; of a cheerful look, a pleasing eye, and a most noble carriage.† What he meant by this was that he was a very dignified man with a good figure and that he had a noble behaviour. Prince Hal now decided that it was time for him to play King and for Falstaff to play Prince but Falstaff thought otherwise; he replied, â€Å"Dispose me? If thou dost it Prince Half so gravely, so majestically, both in word and matter, hang me up by the heels for a rabbit-sucker, or a poulter’s hare.† This meant that Falstaff felt quite offended by Prince Hal suggesting such a thing. Prince Hal had another idea, instead of praising Falstaff; Prince Hal thought it would be amusing to disgrace him. Prince Hal spoke out as the King, â€Å"Thou art violently carried away from grace. There is a devil haunts thee in the likeness of an old fat man.† This to Falstaff would seem almost as an insult and for his defence replies, â€Å"But to say I know more harm in him than in myself were to say more than I know. That he is old, the more the pity.† Falstaff felt as though he had been insulted but still tried to make it sound as though he were still joking. For Prince Hal the major turning point in his life was when he went to have an interview with his father the King. This meeting not only showed Prince Hal how disappointed his father was, but also showed him how wrong he had been up to now. As soon as he realised this he asked for forgiveness from his father, he did this by s aying, â€Å"Find pardon on my true submission.† His father replied, â€Å"God pardon thee!† The most important part of Prince Hal’s reformation was when he decided to ride into battle alongside his father Henry IV. Hotspur (Harry Percy) had led a rebellion and wanted to overthrow Henry IV so his son Prince Hal promised that he himself would fight Hotspur to the end. Before the battle had begun Vernon, Hotspurs cousin came to Hotspur and described how great Prince Hal looked. He said, â€Å"All furnish’d, all in arms; all plum’d like estridges that with the wind bated, like eagles having lately bath’d; Glittering in golden coats like images; As full of spirit as the month of May, And gorgeous as the sun at midsummer.† Hotspur could not take this anymore and was just lost for words when he heard his own cousin, a rebel fighter saying such brilliant words about someone he was just about to fight. The final battle between Prince Hal and Hotspur was the grand finale of the completion of Prince Hal’s reformation. Hotspur however mocks Prince Hal a little and boasts about himself as well. Hotspur does this by saying, â€Å"Harry, for the hour is come to end the one of us; and would to God thy name in arms were now as great as mine!† To Hal this would have been enough to push him and fight Hotspur. Throughout the play Henry IV, Shakespeare used different devices of language. To distinguish the dignified people he used blank verse. We see an example of this whenever the king speaks for instance when the King speaks to his eldest son Hal, â€Å"I no not whether God will have it so.† Another device which Shakespeare uses is imagery, there is a good example of this is when Worcester (his uncle) speaks to Hotspur and Northumberland (his father) when they plan to hold the rebellion. â€Å"As full of peril and adventurous spirit as to o’er-walk a current roaring loud on the unsteadfast footing of a spear.† To a reader these words would give them the image of a roaring river with a spear as a bridge on which to cross over. Another device, which is used in the play, is dramatic irony. We see this when the prince is alone in his apartment and thinking aloud to himself about his reformation and how he will amaze everyone when he does so. In the play, many characters speak about Prince Hal. Falstaff his best friend sometimes addresses him as ‘mad wag’ or ‘the most comparative, rascalliest, sweet young Prince.’ All these names that Falstaff called him were all meant as a joke and never said seriously. Hotspur, Hal’s rival to the throne of England said many things about him, some of which are ‘The madcap Prince of Wales’ and when they finally met at the battlefield, he mocked Hal by saying that he wished that Hal was as great a fighter as he was. The King also said that he would rather have Hotspur as his son and his next heir to the throne than Hal, â€Å"He hath more worthy interest to the state than thou the shadow of succession.† Throughout the play, no one described Prince Hal as greatly as Vernon (Hotspurs cousin). He described Prince Hal to Hotspur so magnificently that Hotspur even told him to stop talking because he could not hear Prince Hal’s praises anymore. Hal was described by Vernon, â€Å"All furnish’d, all in arms; all plum’d like estridges that with the wind bated, like eagles having lately bath’d; Glittering in golden coats like images; As full of spirit as the month of May, And gorgeous as the sun at midsummer. Wanton as youthful goats, wild as young bulls, I saw young Harry with his beaver on, his cushes on his thighs, gallantly arm’d, rise from the ground like feather’d Mercury, and vaulted with such ease into his seat as if an angel dropp’d down from the clouds to turn and wind a fiery Pegasus, and witch the world with noble horsemanship.† As this came from a rebel fighter, this emphasised the fact that the impact that Prince Hal had on everybody was astounding. My conclusion is that Prince Henry (Hal) plays an important role in the play because he manages to have an affect on everyone and everyone seems to be effected by him. Prince Hal is also the next heir to the throne in succession of his father Henry IV so he therefore is an important person and he has to uphold certain responsibilities and cannot let people like Falstaff sway him in the wrong direction.

A Frail Economy Raises Pressure on Iran’s Rulers

The news slated in New York Times dated February 3, 2008 regarding gas shortage on a very cold winter days of modern Iran is a manifestation of the growing decline of local government insufficiency to regulate multinational corporations.â€Å"Iran’s natural gas shortage became a crisis when Turkmenistan, to the north, cut off supplies in December over a pricing dispute. Iran does not have the refining capacity to meet its own needs (Slackman 2008)†.Iran’s leaders became vulnerable when its cities experiences blackouts and homes left without heaters for days and weeks.   Women and students being arrested, magazines publications being shut down had questioned the stewardship of the Iranian president by its religious leader.   This is such a bad time for the in convent president racing a March 14 election when the cities are in chaos.The event that is happening with Iran is an example of an economic crisis being encountered worldwide.   However, it is ironic b ecause they seemed not to get hold of what they have, they export oils which run electricity but due to market trade Iranians are deprived of what truly belongs to them.Equitable sharing of wealth seems to have been neglected instead capitalist instigated a maximum return on investments.   Political elites dialogue on revolutionary ideology and seemingly accept defeat that running a country like Iran is difficult (Slackman 2008).   This is something we fear about, a kingdom divided among them cannot thrive.   History keeps repeating itself, civilizations ends when a place is defined only by individuals.As for now we cannot point our fingers on anyone but it is good to analyze where the culprit came from.   What is happening in Iran is a consequence of globalism.   The same way as it affects the Ogoni people in Nigeria and the rest of developing regions and poor countries of the globe.   For these reason a 20/20 hindsight vision must be implemented between capitalism and equality.   For it is an old idiom that the ends do not always justify the means.Radical and extreme solutions may be imposed by the governance to solve the crisis but the big question is whose governance?   For a country whose people are afraid of retribution, these pious poor may be found stiff dead one day.Some contemporary forerunner of anti-globalism is Manfred Steger, the author of the book Globalization: A New Market Ideology.   He pointed out that influence of supranational bodies decreases the ability of governments to regulate capitalist or multinational corporations. As of now fifty one among the 100 top corporations of the world are the wealthiest multinationals.   These companies are funded and supported by the WTO and IMF.Steger also discussed in his writings on how the protagonist of this culture uses these new market trends for the acceptance of the general public.   It is purely hedonistic in culture wherein equality is subject to a chosen few.   He said that globalization is globalony.   It is nonetheless the civilization of consumerism wherein market trades or trends are preferred more than the benefits of mankind.   This scenario limits the choices of man which is not only derogatory but contrary to the free act of man.Owen Wiwa’s brother Ken a physician was hanged when he lead the people for MOSOP a movement for the Ogoni people for survival in 1990 against Shell Corporation.   It was a battle of removing the oil extraction and refineries which was a detriment to public health and safety.   Today the refineries were gone except for the pipelines and people which ended up of not getting paid.Anyone or anything that gets in the capitalist was must be extinguished or removed at all costs.   Owen now continues what his brother have started and talking to some young students taking up law that ten years from now they may be working with these big corporations or with their governments, he asked them that they could make a big influence and by then it will be up to their conscience if they will choose to protect the benefit of man rather than the material things which must only be used to benefit humanity.Equality is difficult to attain when the least is put aside.   The world will seem to be an arena of struggle of the fittest that only the strong can command and will live.We’ve always knew that there is no equality when there are prejudices.   If the giants remain and we allow them to take over the rest, what would our society be in the next few years?   If our technocrats and legislators only think of the future of these wealthy corporations disregarding human values and dignity, how much sufferings would be encountered all over the world?This present generation must be concerned with the upheaval of this new trend: Globalization in the cloak of consumerism and materialism, capitalism versus equitable distribution of wealth, and the lost of dignity of labor. In our own ways we m ust scrutinize how we apply our daily living into the use of these material goods.   Do we became enslave to them or does it help to serve mankind?   Our proposition must always be that man lords the earth and not enslaved by it.We need to bond strongly with one another against any corporate rule that is inhuman and too greedy.   Like Steger and the Wiwa brothers we must struggle too in putting our best efforts to see to it that the goods of this earth are equitably shared by all races of mankind.   We must stop all efforts which sponsors expensive armaments in support of terrorism and enriching uranium plants for the so called â€Å"peace purposes†.The planet is not yet too old, it is only beginning to see the next third generation of the fastest technology.   We hope to see a better world where everyone has the chance to improve his ways and live life to the fullest.ReferencesMichael Slackman 2008, A Frail Economy Raises Pressure on Iran’s Rulers, New York Times, [Electronic Version].   Retrieved 04 February 2008 from,   

Catcher In The Rye Essay Example for Free (#4)

Catcher In The Rye Essay A journey is more than a physical movement from one place to another. All journeys no matter how arduous entail setbacks and barriers that must be met. In doing so the traveller experiences a more significant inner journey of self growth. This is evident in the journey from adolescence to adulthood during which setbacks and barriers may entail a loss of innocence. J. D Salinger’s novel the Catcher in the rye explores this concept through various literary techniques. ( thesis) Loss of innocence as a major issue within the concept of a rites of passage is explored by J. D Salinger through the protagonist Holden Caulfield. His journey appears to be one self destructive act after another. This adult world into which Holden is forced into disturbs him profoundly. In his view, the adults who dwell this world, seem to be filled with phoniness, pretence and social compromise. He finds it almost intolerable to communicate with most adults and peers. This is prevalent throughout the book when he constantly brings up the question of what happens to the ducks in winter. The adults’ response to this recurring question is of contemn and expectation to know the answer, therefore never giving him an adequate explanation. This clearly demonstrates how his innocent mind conflicts with this phony adult world, and his response, is to rebel against this whole society. â€Å" quote† Holden expresses his rebellion through his inability to progress in life and his hatred of people. It is really only in children that he sees the true simplicity of honesty- and that is his escape from this adult phony world. Salinger portrays the transition from adolescence to adulthood as a quest for self identity and self discovery. For Holden however, his journey is a bombardment of obstacles in his search for connection with others, thus highlighting the angst of growing up. Holden finally breaks down with the constant disappointments and let downs he encounters. â€Å"quote ans technique† From his fight with Stradlater to Maurice’s exploitation of a prostitute, to Mr Antolini’s behaviour, Holden just cannot handle any more letdowns so his odyssey is one of loneliness and cynicism. An example of this is when Holden abruptly gives Sally an ultimatum to leave their current lives behind and build a future without the promise of stability. Sally’s refusal to this proposal results in Holden lashing out at her hence elucidating Holden’s naivety. And, just like a kid, he thinks that everyone is to blame except for him. The inability to meet setbacks and barriers and accept a loss of innocence within the jouney from adolescence to adulthood will inevitably lead to ones downfall. The deliberate irony is that Holden strives to act as a grown up but constantly acts like a child is seen in his provocation of his peers and his irrational thinking. â€Å"quote † The title of the book, â€Å"Catcher in the Rye,† is more than just a pretty ditty. It is Holden’s dream to be the catcher in the rye, thus save little children from falling off the cliff into adulthood. â€Å"Anyway, I keep picturing all these little kids playing some game in this big field of rye and all. Thousands of little kids, and nobody’s around–nobody big, I mean–except me. And I’m standing on the edge of some crazy cliff. What I have to do, I have to catch everybody if they start to go over the cliff–I mean if they’re running and they don’t look where they’re going. I have to come out from somewhere and catch them. That’s all I’d do all day. I’d just be the catcher in the rye and all. I know it’s crazy, but that’s the only thing I’d really like to be. † Holden is adamant on playing the adult role of protecting children and their innocence that gets lost in the adult phony world. He envisions protecting and shielding children from the evils of society, when he himself is one who is in a state of conflict between adolescence and adulthood. However, it is through the telling of his story that Holden eventually gains control of his disturbed past. His search for self identity and discovery can be seen as a search for tolerance, acceptance and understanding- something that he finally experiences in the final scene with Phoebe riding the carrousel. When he see’s Phoebe on the carrousel, he accepts that he is not a child anymore indicating that he is perhaps more accepting of change. Towards the end, Holden has found some wisdom when he claims to â€Å"sort of miss everyone. † There was some light for him at the end of the tunnel- and that light is hope and acceptance that he doesn’t live in such an evil world that he made out to be. Holden wants desperately to protect this idealistic life but perhaps he realises at the end that it is not possible and that maturity is a means of accepting what life throws at one. How he deals with obstacles along the way conveys Holden’s journey from adolescence into adulthood. Catcher In The Rye. (2016, Dec 15). We have essays on the following topics that may be of interest to you